IRAK1 and IRAK4 are kinases involved in the innate immune response, mediating inflammatory signaling through the Toll-like receptor and interleukin-1 receptor pathways. Dysregulation of these kinases has been implicated in autoimmune diseases and certain cancers, including lymphomas and leukemias. The first round of molecular design for dual IRAK1/IRAK4 inhibitors has been completed, and preliminary hits have been identified through in vitro testing.